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1 INTRODUCTION
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1 Introduction
1.1. Context
The International Network of Basin Organizations (INBO) and the Global Water Partnership
(GWP), associated with other partners, have already produced two handbooks: a Handbook
for IntegratedWater ResourcesManagement in Basins, launched at the 5thWorldWater
Forum in Istanbul inMarch 2009, and the Handbook for IntegratedWater Resources
Management in Transboundary Basins of Rivers, Lakes and Aquifers, published inMarch
2012 for the 6thWorldWater Forum inMarseille. Both have been highly popular throughout
the world and continue tomake a contribution. This new handbook follows the same format
as previous editions, focusing on IntegratedWater ResourcesManagement (IWRM) for
basins includingmanaging ecosystems, with a sustainable development objective.
This handbook draws from real-life experiences, practical examples and expertise acquired
in national and transboundary basins throughout the world. It is organized by theme and
centred on the key issues linked tomanaging and restoring aquatic ecosystems. The work
includes contributions from several authors who represent different approaches in this
complex domain, including experts on IWRM and the environment.
1.2. How to use this Handbook
This handbook is aimed at practitioners involved inmanaging water resources and restoring
ecosystems and, more broadly, anyone with an interest in these subjects. It includes:
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An overview of the key concepts, fundamental issues and approaches used in tackling
these areas. The successive chapters look at how ecosystems work, ways of managing
and restoring ecosystems, and the relevant governance and regulations;
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A specific chapter on ecosystemsmonitoring;
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A focus on the economic challenges and the funding issue;
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Examples of ecosystemmanagement and practical advice in every chapter.
1.3. Key concepts and definitions
1.3.1. Ecosystems
An ecosystem, or ecological system, is a functional unit comprised of a given environment or
biotope, and the organisms that live in it, known as the biocenosis. A biocenosis is a group of
living organisms attracted to environmental factors. The group is characterized by a specific
composition that determines their interdependence; it occupies a living space known as a
biotope.
Biotope, or “living environment”, means all of the abiotic and biotic factors that characterize
the environment inwhich a biocenosis lives. Theword “habitat” is generally used to describe
the living environment of one or several species. A habitat is different from an ecological
niche, which could be all of the functional components plus all of the abiotic factors.
An ecosystem approach aims to balance the needs of human communities and ecosystems,
and thus foster harmonious relationships at all levels. The basic concepts are:
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All of an ecosystem’s components (i.e. physical, chemical and biological) are
interdependent;
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Ecosystems have a dynamic and complex nature that requires taking a flexible,
adaptable approach;
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Scientific, social and financial concernsmust be included.
THEHANDBOOK FORMANAGEMENT
ANDRESTORATIONOF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS INRIVERAND LAKE BASINS
