Handbook on Water Management - page 3

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TABLEOF CONTENTS
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TABLEOF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................7-8
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Context................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 How to use this Handbook................................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.3 Key concepts and definitions................................................................................................................................................... 9-10
2 Functions and benefits of aquatic ecosystems..........................................................................................................................11
2.1 Role and functions of aquatic ecosystems (rivers, lakes&wetlands) .......................................................11
2.2 Human activities and pollution sources ...............................................................................................................................15
3 Includind ecosystems in River/Lake Basinmanagement plans................................................................................19
3.1 Ecosystem considerations in basin planning processes .......................................................................................19
3.2 Interface between basinmanagement plan and thematic plan ........................................................................22
3.3 Barriers to implementation .............................................................................................................................................................24
4 Management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems .........................................................................................................25
4.1 Restoration practices...........................................................................................................................................................................25
4.2 Green infrastructures and environmental impacts .....................................................................................................31
4.3 Natural Water RetentionMeasures, cross-cutting objectives and results .............................................37
5 Governance and regulation..........................................................................................................................................................................45
5.1 Example of European legislation and policies as driving forces for ecosystem
protection and restoration ...............................................................................................................................................................45
5.2 Example of other regulations ........................................................................................................................................................50
5.3 Governance of aquatic ecosystems .........................................................................................................................................52
5.4 Main difficulties encountered in implementing restorationmeasures/projects.................................59
6 Monitoring aquatic ecosystems ...............................................................................................................................................................65
6.1 Monitoring ecosystem functions ...............................................................................................................................................65
6.2 Monitoring after restorationmeasures.................................................................................................................................72
7 Economic and financial aspects..............................................................................................................................................................77
7.1 Economic value of aquatic ecosystems ...............................................................................................................................77
7.2 Payment for Ecosystem Services..............................................................................................................................................85
7.3 Funding of environmental actions.............................................................................................................................................89
8 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................91
Websites, References, Further Reading .....................................................................................................................................................93-94
THEHANDBOOK FORMANAGEMENT
ANDRESTORATIONOF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS INRIVERAND LAKE BASINS